Makandulo, chida chowunikira tsiku ndi tsiku, chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku parafini, nthawi zakale, nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa kuchokera kumafuta anyama. Ikhoza kuyaka kuti ipereke kuwala. Kuphatikiza apo, makandulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana: m'mapwando akubadwa, zikondwerero zachipembedzo, kulira kwamagulu, ndi zochitika zaukwati ndi maliro. M'zolemba ndi zojambulajambula, makandulo ali ndi tanthauzo lophiphiritsira la nsembe ndi kudzipereka.
Masiku ano, amakhulupirira kuti makandulo anachokera ku nyali zakale. anthu akale ankapaka mafuta kapena sera pakhungwa kapena tchipisi tamatabwa n’kuzimanga pamodzi kuti apange miyuni younikira. Zimanenedwanso kuti kale Qin ndi nthawi zakale, anthu ena ankamanga mugwort ndi bango mu mulu, kenako n'kuviika mu mafuta ena ndi kuyatsa kuti kuyatsa. Kenako, munthu wina anakulunga bango lobowolo ndi nsalu n’kulidzaza ndi phula kuti liziyatsa.
Zopangira zazikulu zamakandulo ndi parafini (C₂₅H₅₂), yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ku kagawo kakang'ono ka sera pambuyo pa kuzizira kozizira kapena kutulutsa kosungunulira. Ndi chisakanizo cha alkanes angapo apamwamba, makamaka n-dodecane (C22H46) ndi n-dioctadecane (C28H58), yomwe ili ndi pafupifupi 85% carbon ndi 14% haidrojeni. Zida zothandizira zomwe zimawonjezeredwa ndi mafuta oyera, stearic acid, polyethylene, essence, etc., momwe stearic acid (C17H35COOH) imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti ikhale yofewa, ndipo kuwonjezereka kwapadera kumadalira mtundu wa makandulo omwe amapangidwa. Zosavuta kusungunuka, kachulukidwe kakang'ono kuposa madzi ovuta kusungunuka m'madzi. Kutentha kusungunuka mumadzimadzi, osawoneka bwino komanso kutentha pang'ono, kumatha kununkhiza parafini yapadera. Kukazizira, kumakhala kolimba koyera, komwe kumakhala ndi fungo lapadera.
Kuyaka kwa kandulo komwe timawona sikuyaka kwa parafini yolimba, koma chipangizo choyatsira chimayatsa pachimake cha thonje, ndipo kutentha komwe kumatuluka kumapangitsa kuti parafini yolimba isungunuke ndikuwukanso kuti ipange nthunzi ya parafini, yomwe imatha kuyaka. Kandulo ikayatsidwa, lawi loyamba limakhala laling'ono ndipo limakulirakulira. Lawi lamoto limagawidwa m'magulu atatu (lawi lakunja, lawi lamkati, mtima wamoto). Pakatikati pa lawi ndi mpweya wotentha kwambiri wa makandulo; parafini wamkati wamoto samatenthedwa kwathunthu, kutentha kumakhala kokwera kuposa lawi lamoto, ndipo kumakhala ndi tinthu ta carbon; lawi lakunja limalumikizana ndi mpweya ndi mpweya, ndipo lawi lamoto ndilowala kwambiri, lopsa kwambiri, komanso kutentha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndodo ya machesi ikangophwanyidwa m'lawi lamoto ndikuchotsedwa pakangotha mphindi imodzi, ndodo ya machesi yomwe imakhudza mbali yakunja yamoto imasanduka yakuda. Panthawi yozimitsa kandulo, mutha kuwona wisp ya utsi woyera, ndi machesi oyaka kuyatsa utsi woyera, akhoza kuyatsanso kandulo, kotero zikhoza kutsimikiziridwa kuti utsi woyera ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapangidwa ndi parafini. mpweya. Kandulo ikayaka, zinthu zomwe zimayaka ndi carbon dioxide ndi madzi. Mawu a Chemical: C25H52 + O2 (yayatsa) CO2 + H2O. Chochitika choyaka mu botolo la okosijeni ndi kuwala kowala koyera, kutulutsa kutentha, ndi nkhungu yamadzi pakhoma la botolo.
shijiazhuang zhongya kandulo fakitale -shijiazhuang zhongya makandulo co,.ltd .
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-04-2023