Makandulo, chida chowunikira tsiku lililonse, makamaka chopangidwa ndi parafini, kalelo, nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi mafuta a nyama. Amatha kuwotcha kuti apereke kuwala. Kuphatikiza apo, makandulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga zosiyanasiyana: m'magulu obadwa, zikondwerero zachipembedzo, maliro amalira maliro, ndi maukwati ndi zochitika zamaliro. M'malemba olemba alemba, makandulo amatanthauzira tanthauzo lofalitsidwa ndi kudzipereka.
M'masiku ano, nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti makandulo amasankha kuyambira kuchitiridwa zinthu zakale. Akale omwe amapezeka mafuta kapena sera pamakungwa kapena tchipisi nkhuni ndikuwamangirira pamodzi kuti apange mizu yowunikira. Amatinso m'nthawi yakale ya Qchin ndi zakale, anthu ena ankamangirira mugwort ndikubisala mu gulu, kenako ndikuviika mu mafuta ena ndikuyatsa kuyatsa. Pambuyo pake, wina atakulunga bango logona ndi nsalu ndipo anadzaza ndi Beeswax kuti achotse.
Zinthu zopangira makandulo ndi parafini (C₂₅h₅₂), zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku kachigawo kakang'ono kwa mafuta mutasindikizira kapena kuwonongeka kwa kuwonongeka kwa ma sedaxing. Ndi osakaniza a Alkane apamwamba kwambiri, makamaka N-Dodecane (C22Hh46) ndi N-Diictidecane (C28h58), omwe ali ndi haidborn ndi 14% hydrogen. Zida zothandizazi zimawonjezeredwa zimaphatikizapo mafuta oyera, osakanikira, polyethylene, chifukwa, etc. Yosavuta kusungunuka, kachulukidwe kakang'ono kuposa madzi ofowoka m'madzi. Kutentha kusungunuka mumadzi, zowoneka bwino zopanda utoto komanso kutentha pang'ono kosasunthika, kumanunkhiza fungo lapadera. Kuzizira, ndi koyera, ndikununkhira kochepa.
Kanduloyaka yomwe tikuwona si kuyaka kwa paraffin yolimba, koma chitsimikizo chimatulutsa thonje, ndipo kutentha komwe kumatulutsidwa kumapangitsa paraffin kulimbitsa thupi ndikubwezeretsanso nthunzi ya parafini, yomwe ikuyaka. Kandulo ikayatsidwa, lawi loyambirira ndi laling'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono. Lawi limagawika m'magawo atatu (lawi lakunja, lawi lamkati lamkati, lawi lamoto). Pachimake pa lawi ndi makamaka nthenga yopanda pake ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri; Parafin yamkati siyotenthedwa kwathunthu, kutentha ndikokwera kuposa lalawi, ndipo imakhala ndi mabotolo; Lawi lakunja limalumikizana ndi mpweya ndi mlengalenga, ndipo lawi ndi lowala kwambiri, lotenthedwa kwathunthu, ndi kutentha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pomwe ndodo yamasewera imasunthidwa mwachangu mu lawi ndikuchotsa pafupifupi 1 sekondi, imagwira ndodo yokhudza gawo lakunja limatembenuka. Pakadali pano pophulika kandulo, mutha kuwona utsi woyera, ndikuwotcha kuti utsi woyatsidwa, utha kutsimikiziridwa kuti usudzu umapangidwa ndi tinthu tating'ono tomwe timapangidwa ndi parafini nthunzi. Kandulo imayaka, zopangira zoyaka ndi mpweya woipa ndi madzi. Mawu achinyengo: C25h52 + O2 (atche) CO2 + H2O. Photo loyaka mu botolo loyatsa mpweya ndi kuwala koyera koyera koyera, kumasula kutentha, ndi madzi am'madzi pakhoma la botolo.
Shijiazhuang Zhongo kandulo --shiriazhuang zhongya kandulo CO,.
Post Nthawi: Aug-04-2023